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The tangled web of dyslipidemia and cancer: Is there any association?
Sina Neshat1, Abbas Rezaei2, Armita Farid3, Rojin Sarallah4, Salar Javanshir4, Sarina Ahmadian1, Gelayol Chatrnour5, Padideh Daneii1, Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani6
1 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Department of Internal Medicine, Independent Researcher, New Jersey, United States of America
6 Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani
Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
Iran
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_267_22
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Cancer is a primary cause of mortality around the world and imposes a significant physiological, psychological, and financial burden on patients. Lipids regulate cell cycle progression and affect cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Therefore, alterations in serum lipid levels might contribute to carcinogenesis. In this article, we review the relationships between triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and different types of cancer. Then, we examine the association between cancer and familial hypercholesterolemia. Finally, we evaluate the impact of statins on different types of cancer. Increased total cholesterol has been reported to increase cellular proliferation and angiogenesis in tumors and inhibit apoptosis. Increased LDL-C has been reported to induce inflammation and increase susceptibility to oxidative damage. HDL-C has anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Increased levels of serum TG can induce oxidative stress and a chronic inflammatory state and therefore contribute to the proliferation and progression of cancer cells. Statins decrease downstream products of cholesterol synthesis that are crucial in cell proliferation and growth. Thus, lipid components can have prognostic value in cancer and management of serum lipid levels through lifestyle changes and medical therapy can be beneficial in cancer prevention and treatment.
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